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How we build software

How AR Labs builds software with AI coding agents: spec-driven, test-first work, checks at every step, independent review and a person at the merge.

A skyline of numbered practice blocks under a violet sun; a train of spec, test, code and review wagons heads for merge.A neo-brutalist skyline of numbered blocks under a violet sun, one block per practice, with a train of spec, test, code and review wagons pulled by a merge locomotive along a yellow track.0103050709111314161820222426SPECTESTCODEREVIEWMERGESECTION03HOW WEBUILD26 PRACTICES · ONE PIPELINEDRAWING ENG-03.00 · AR LABS

AR Labs builds most of its software with AI coding agents: AI agents that write code, such as Claude Code or Codex. A person decides what to build and approves the plan; agents write the specifications, the tests and the code; a second model reviews the result in a fresh context; and a person merges it. The pages in this section describe that method one practice at a time, for an engineer or an AI agent who wants to adopt some of it.

The method is spec-driven and test-first. Every piece of work is tracked as a node in a dependency graph of tasks, gets its own written specification, is built on its own branch in an isolated checkout, and must prove each acceptance criterion with a committed test, a committed check script anyone can re-run, or a screenshot a person can judge. A claim that the work is done counts for nothing on its own.

Each rule here exists because something went wrong without it. A review step that lived only in written instructions was skipped by an unattended run. A warning saved in one checkout was invisible from every other. A fix closed one race condition and left three identical ones in a neighbouring class. Each page names the problem a rule prevents alongside the rule, because the problem is what lets you judge whether the rule fits your own work.

When a written rule kept being broken, we moved it into a script: a hook, which runs automatically around an agent's action and can block it, or a check the work must pass before it moves on. The written rule stays, to explain why the script exists.

If you are new to the section, start with how AR Labs engineers software with AI agents, the approach on one page. Then read the coding pipeline, which shows how the practices fit together step by step. The overview pages after it cover agentic engineering, architecture, unattended runs, human-in-the-loop gates and multi-agent orchestration; the practice pages each take one rule in detail, from spec-driven development to evidence of completion and worktree isolation.

  1. 03.01

    How AR Labs engineers software with AI coding agents

    Overview

    How AR Labs builds software with AI coding agents: design first, a spec and tests before code, scripted checks, cross-model review and a person at the merge.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  2. 03.02

    Software architecture with AI coding agents

    Overview

    How AR Labs designs software that AI coding agents build: design before spec, deep modules, C4 diagrams, decision records, risk spikes and tracer-bullet slices.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  3. 03.03

    Agentic engineering

    Overview

    What AR Labs means by agentic engineering: building software with and around AI agents by designing harness, context, tools, gates, verification and cost.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  4. 03.04

    Design principles for AI-generated code

    Overview

    Design principles AR Labs applies to code from AI coding agents: build only what was asked, deep modules, two cases before a pattern, one source of truth.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  5. 03.05

    The coding pipeline for AI coding agents

    Framework

    How AR Labs takes coding work from a rough idea to reviewed, merged code with AI coding agents, a task graph and scripted checks at every step.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  6. 03.06

    Spec-driven development with AI coding agents

    Practice

    How AR Labs runs spec-driven development with AI coding agents: a campaign plan (PRP) and a per-task spec grounded in today's code.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  7. 03.07

    Test-driven development with AI coding agents

    Rule

    How AR Labs' AI coding agents work test-first: a failing test, the least code to pass it, tests at deep-module boundaries and a ten-minute regression gate.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  8. 03.08

    Evidence of completion for AI coding agents

    Rule

    How AR Labs gets evidence of completion from AI coding agents: a committed test, check script or screenshot for every criterion, never the agent's word.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  9. 03.09

    Testing a browser voice agent: what counts as evidence

    Verification

    How AR Labs tests a browser voice agent: what typed sessions and automated tests can prove, what needs a person listening, and how to state the gaps.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  10. 03.10

    Code review gates for AI-generated code

    Rule

    How AR Labs gates AI-generated code: a pull request per task, a four-axis review by a second model in a fresh context, and a person's merge.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  11. 03.11

    Git worktree isolation for parallel AI coding agents

    Rule

    How AR Labs isolates parallel AI coding agents with git worktrees: each task on its own branch and checkout, and a hook that blocks edits to main.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  12. 03.12

    Task graphs for AI coding agents with Beads

    Practice

    How AR Labs keeps a task graph for AI coding agents in Steve Yegge's Beads, and the rules that make the graph safe to dispatch work from.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  13. 03.13

    Graph engineering for multi-agent systems

    Framework

    Graph engineering for AI agent orchestration as AR Labs applies it: nodes, edges, state, routers and gates, and how our coding pipeline follows them.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  14. 03.14

    Harness engineering for AI coding agents

    Practice

    Harness engineering at AR Labs: each recurring AI coding agent mistake becomes a hook or check, so rules that matter are enforced, not remembered.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  15. 03.15

    Implementation walkthroughs

    Rule

    Why AR Labs' AI coding agents write an implementation walkthrough as they work: a plain account of why each change was made and in what order.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  16. 03.16

    Reuse before create

    Rule

    How AR Labs stops AI coding agents duplicating code: search before writing, re-read before each edit, and sweep for the same bug after a race fix.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  17. 03.17

    Design docs, ADRs and C4 diagrams for AI coding agents

    Practice

    How AR Labs documents architecture so people and AI coding agents can read it: a design doc, one-page ADRs, and C4 diagrams kept as text.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  18. 03.18

    Progressive disclosure for AI agent context

    Practice

    How AR Labs layers project documents so AI agents and people load the most constraining context first: outcome, strategy, active work, then tasks.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  19. 03.19

    Writing rules for AI agents and humans

    Rule

    The plain-language writing rules AR Labs loads into every AI agent session, why grounding matters most, and how a writing-quality skill audits prose.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  20. 03.20

    Act or ask: when an AI agent should ask permission

    Rule

    How AR Labs' AI agents decide whether to act and report, or stop and ask a person: by reversibility, ownership and whose decision it is.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  21. 03.21

    Client delivery framework for AI projects

    Framework

    The seven-phase process AR Labs uses to take an AI project from first conversation to a running system, with an evidence gate between phases.

    Rev 2026-11-12
  22. 03.22

    Unattended AI coding agent runs

    Practice

    How AR Labs runs AI coding agents unattended: one execution contract, facts passed in, typed stops, scripted checks and every deviation logged.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  23. 03.23

    Human-in-the-loop gates for AI coding agents

    Practice

    Human-in-the-loop workflow design for AI coding agents at AR Labs: where a person must decide, and how each gate costs one question with a recommendation.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  24. 03.24

    Model routing and agent economics

    Practice

    How AR Labs routes each AI agent task to a model and effort level, when a subagent costs more than it saves, and why quality evidence, not price, decides.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  25. 03.25

    Multi-agent orchestration for AI coding agents

    Practice

    How AR Labs orchestrates AI coding agents on one body of work: a task graph decides what is ready, each task gets a worktree, overlapping work waits its turn.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  26. 03.26

    Interface contracts between AI agents: who may write what

    Agent orchestration

    How AR Labs lets AI agents share state safely: interface contracts drawn between C4 containers, one writer per file, direction down, status up.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  27. 03.27

    Anatomy of a coding agent harness

    Practice

    The parts of an AI coding agent harness such as Claude Code (instructions, rules, skills, hooks, subagents, tools, memory) and what each is for at AR Labs.

    Rev 2026-11-13
  28. 03.28

    Understanding code that AI coding agents write

    Practice

    How AR Labs keeps people able to read code written by AI coding agents: build walkthroughs, guided readings of a change, codebase tours and a code tutor.

    Rev 2026-11-13